Review Sheet for Mid-term
Key Terms:
Race Relations: Convict lease, sharecropping and crop lien, lynching, segregation, Mississippi Plan, Plessy v. Ferguson, Ida B. Wells, Booker T. Washington, The Birth of a Nation, Accommodation, “The Atlanta Compromise,” WEB DuBois, Confrontation, Niagara Movement, “Talented Tenth,” NAACP, Separatism,
Philosophies: Laissez-faire, Populism, Progressivism,
1870s: Comstock Act, Anthony Comstock
Indians and the West: Chief Joseph, Concentration policy, Sand Creek massacre, Custer’s Last Stand, Ghost Dance, Sitting Bull, Wounded Knee massacre, Dawes Act of 1887,
Populists: Patrons of Husbandry/Grangers, Southern Farmers Alliance, Northwestern Farmers Alliance, Sub-treasury Plan, The Omaha Platform, William Jennings Bryan, CW Macune, “Cross of Gold” speech, “free silver,”
Politics: Samuel Tilden, Rutherford B. Hayes, Compromise of 1877, election of 1896, Women’s Christian Temperance Union
Turn of the Century and Society: William Randolph Hearst, Henry Ford,
Economics: Dynamic Principle of Mass Production, “planned obsolescence,” cartel or pool, trust, holding company, Iron-law of wages, “new immigration”
Labor: Homestead Riot, Pullman Strike, Coxey’s Army,American Federation of Labor, Samuel Gompers, “bread and butter” unionism, IWW, Eugene Debs.
Diplomacy/War/Imperialism: Hawaii, Queen Liluokalani, USS Maine, DeLome letter, Open Door Policy, Alfred Thayer Mahan, The Influence of Sea Power Upon History, Anti-Imperialists, Teller Amendment, Samar, Major Littleton Waller, General Jacob Smith, Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine. Platt Amendment, Panama Canal.
Progressivism: Muckrakers, Sanitary Meat and Inspection, The Jungle, at-large elections, Social Gospel, 16th-19th amendments.
Study Questions:
1. How did businessmen respond to economic instability during the late 19th century?
2. What problems did American farmers face after the Civil War? What did they see as the primary source of their difficulties?
3. Who were the candidates and what were the major issues of the presidential campaign of 1896?
4. In what ways did race relations worsen in the late 19th and early 20th centuries? In what ways was segregation linked to the Populism?
5. What factors pushed the US into imperialism?
6. Discuss the causes of the Spanish American War? What was the US policy towards Cuba and other territories after the end of the war?
7. How can you account for the Progressive Movement? What solutions did the Progressives offer to the ills of modern society?
Potential Essays:
1. Discuss the issues facing African-Americans from the 1870s to the Great Depression. Be certain to discuss demographic factors (i.e. - where they lived, economic standards, life expectancy, access to education), and political and civil rights issues. Finally, identify the responses to these issues, including what these responses entailed, leaders, and organizations.
2. Compare and contrast Populism and Progressivism. From what distinct groups of society did the two groups emerge? What was at the heart of their beliefs about how society should be organized? What were the Granger and Alliance Movements, and how did they transform from a social and into a political entity? What was the Omaha Platform, and how did it make an appeal outside of the original Populist base? With the Progressives, how are they linked with the Populists, despite being drawn from entirely different segments of society? What were the major accomplishments of the Progressives (be certain to include specific laws, programs, constitutional amendments, etc). Despite their success, what was the “darkside” of Progressivism?
3. Trace the development of U.S. Imperialism beginning in the 1870s. What ideological factors led Americans to reject, and then ultimately embrace the idea of a global presence? What material developments led Americans to press for overseas expansion? Identify Alfred Thayer Mahan and The Influence of Sea Power Upon History and evaluate the role they played in American expansion. Assess the role Hawaii and Cuba played in Americans’ perceptions of themselves as a world power. Briefly describe U.S. actions and problems in the Philippines, and what role it had on changing the U.S.’s outlook on the notion of “empire.” Finally, what role did Americans ultimately embrace in foreign affairs (traditional empire or something else?) in the aftermath of the Philippines occupation.